Moringa Fruit Inhibits LPS-Induced NO/iNOS Expression through Suppressing the NF-κB Activation in RAW264.7 Cells

In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), a natural biologically active substance, by determining its inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Extracts from different parts of moringa (root, leaf, and fruit) reduced LPSinduced nitric oxide (NO) release in a dose-dependent manner. The moringa fruit extract most effectively inhibited LPS-induced NO production and levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The moringa fruit extract also was shown to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6. Furthermore, moringa fruit extract inhibited the cytoplasmic degradation of I kappa B-alpha and the nuclear translocation of p65 proteins, resulting in lower levels of NF-kappa B transactivation. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate that moringa fruit extract reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators including NO, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 via the inhibition of NF-kappa B activation in RAW264.7 cells. These findings reveal, in part, the molecular basis underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of moringa fruit extract.