Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE
Volume 39, Issue 6, Pages 1103-1115Publisher
WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD
DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X11009433
Keywords
Intestinal Microbiota; Ginseng; Red Ginseng; Ginsenosides; Compound K
Funding
- National Science Foundation of China [81173497, 81001618]
- National Key Technologies R&D Program of China [2008BAI51B01]
- Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Teams in Universities [IRT0868]
- NIH [P01 AT004418, K01 AT005362]
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR COMPLEMENTARY & ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE [K01AT005362, P01AT004418] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Intestinal microbiota contribute to diverse mammalian processes including the metabolic functions of drugs. It is a potential new territory for drug targeting, especially for dietary herbal products. Because most herbal medicines are orally administered, the chemical profile and corresponding bioactivities of herbal medicines may be altered by intestinal microbiota. Ginseng is one of the most commonly used herbs and it is an attractive natural product to study its effect in the body. In this review, after briefly introducing the interactions of herbal products and gut microbiota, we discuss the microbiota-mediated metabolism of ginsenosides in ginseng and red ginseng. In particular, the major metabolite compound K and its pharmacological advances are described including anticancer, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. In summary, the intestinal microbiota may play an important role in mediating the metabolism bioactivity of herbal medicines.
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