Journal
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 9, Issue 4, Pages 246-258Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/nri2527
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Funding
- Dana Foundation's Neuroimmunology programme
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation
- Alexandrine and Alexander Sinsheimer Foundation
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- Starr Foundation
- National Cancer Institute [R01CA108609, R01CA101741]
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [RFP-NIH-NIAID-DAIDSBAA06-19]
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
- Institutional Clinical and Translational Science Award
- Dana Foundation and Irvington Institute's Human Immunology Fellowship
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society [PP1145, RG 3793-A-7]
- Institutional Clinical and Translational Science Pilot and Collaborative Project Grant
- National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Stroke [R01 NS-023349, R01 NS-040460, R01 NS-030871]
- Myelin Repair Foundation
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The predisposition of individuals to several common autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis, is genetically linked to certain human MHC class II molecules and other immune modulators. However, genetic predisposition is only one risk factor for the development of these diseases, and low concordance rates in monozygotic twins, as well as the geographical distribution of disease risk, suggest the involvement of environmental factors in the development of these diseases. Among these environmental factors, infections have been implicated in the onset and/or promotion of autoimmunity. In this Review, we outline the mechanisms by which viral infection can trigger autoimmune disease and describe the pathways by which infection and immune control of infectious disease might be dysregulated during autoimmunity.
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