Journal
ALZHEIMER DISEASE & ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
Volume 28, Issue 3, Pages 206-218Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/WAD.0000000000000034
Keywords
vascular dementia; vascular cognitive disorder; vascular cognitive impairment; diagnostic criteria; cerebrovascular disease; multi-infarct dementia; poststroke dementia; subcortical dementia
Categories
Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [568940, 568969, 401, 162]
- Australian Research Council [DP120102078]
- Pfizer
- Eli Lilly
- Alzheimer's Research UK
- Medical Research Council
- Dunhill Medical Trust, UK
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Japan
- Roche
- Elan
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Novartis
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Lundbeck
- Brain Canada
- Alzhiemer's Drug discovery Foundation
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- Canadian Stroke Network
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- National Institutes of Health
- NIH
- Brill Chair in Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
- University of Toronto
- Sunnybrook Research Institute
- Alzheimer's Association
- anonymous foundation
- Merck
- GSK
- National Research Foundation [NRF-CRP 3-2008-01]
- National Medical Research Council [NMRC/xxxx/2011, NMRC/1288/2011]
- Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche
- Direction Generale de l'Offre de Soins (Ministry of Health)
- Alzheimer Center VUmc
- Brain Foundation of the Netherlands [H07.03]
- Alzheimer Nederland [WE.03-2012-02]
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-209888]
- Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation [MED2006-2086]
- Alzheimer Society of Canada
- Dalhousie Medical Research Foundation
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research: the Canadian Dementia Knowledge Translation Network [200711DIP]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China: The Canada China Joint Health Research Initiative, Quantification of health status changes in China and in Canada [CCI92216]
- Alzheimer Society of Canada [10_67]
- VUmc Fonds
- MRC [G0900652, G0500247, MR/L016451/1, G1100540, G0400074, G0502157] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G0700718B, G0400074, G0900652, MR/L016451/1, G1100540, G0502157, G0500247] Funding Source: researchfish
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre [BH111030] Funding Source: researchfish
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Background: Several sets of diagnostic criteria have been published for vascular dementia since the 1960s. The continuing ambiguity in vascular dementia definition warrants a critical reexamination. Methods: Participants at a special symposium of the International Society for Vascular Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders (VASCOG) in 2009 critiqued the current criteria. They drafted a proposal for a new set of criteria, later reviewed through multiple drafts by the group, including additional experts and the members of the Neurocognitive Disorders Work Group of the fifth revision of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) Task Force. Results: Cognitive disorders of vascular etiology are a heterogeneous group of disorders with diverse pathologies and clinical manifestations, discussed broadly under the rubric of vascular cognitive disorders (VCD). The continuum of vascular cognitive impairment is recognized by the categories of Mild Vascular Cognitive Disorder, and Vascular Dementia or Major Vascular Cognitive Disorder. Diagnostic thresholds are defined. Clinical and neuroimaging criteria are proposed for establishing vascular etiology. Subtypes of VCD are described, and the frequent cooccurrence of Alzheimer disease pathology emphasized. Conclusions: The proposed criteria for VCD provide a coherent approach to the diagnosis of this diverse group of disorders, with a view to stimulating clinical and pathologic validation studies. These criteria can be harmonized with the DSM-5 criteria such that an international consensus on the criteria for VCD may be achieved.
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