Journal
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 33, Issue 12, Pages 2113-2123Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01051.x
Keywords
Alcohol Dependence; Blood-Alcohol Levels; Alcohol-Liquid Diet; Alcohol Vapor
Categories
Funding
- Pearson Center for Alcoholism and Addiction Research
- NIAAA [AA06420, AA08459, AA12018]
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Background: The purpose of the present investigation was to more clearly define blood-alcohol parameters associated with alcohol dependence produced by alcohol vapor inhalation and alcohol-containing liquid diet. Methods: Alcohol levels in blood and brain were compared during and after 4 hours of acute alcohol vapor exposure; also, brain-alcohol levels were assessed in alcohol-exposed (14-day alcohol vapor) and alcohol-naive rats during and after 4 hours of acute alcohol vapor exposure. A separate group of rats were implanted with i.v. catheters, made dependent on alcohol via vapor inhalation, and tested for operant alcohol responding; blood-alcohol levels (BALs) were measured throughout operant alcohol drinking sessions during alcohol withdrawal. A final group of rats consumed an alcohol-liquid diet until they were dependent, and those rats were then tested for operant behavior at various withdrawal time points; BALs were measured at different withdrawal time points and after operant sessions. Results: Blood- and brain-alcohol levels responded similarly to vapor, but brain-alcohol levels peaked at a higher point and more slowly returned to zero in alcohol-naive rats relative to alcohol-exposed rats. Alcohol vapor exposure also produced an upward shift in subsequent operant alcohol responding and resultant BALs. Rats consumed large quantities of alcohol-liquid diet, most of it during the dark cycle, sufficient to produce high blood-alcohol levels and elevated operant alcohol responding when tested during withdrawal from liquid diet. Conclusions: These results emphasize that the key determinants of excessive alcohol drinking behavior are the BAL range and pattern of chronic high-dose alcohol exposure.
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