Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW A
Volume 80, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.013825
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Funding
- EPSRC (U.K.) through the QIP IRC [GR/S82176/01]
- AFOSR through the EOARD
- European Commission [015848]
- Royal Society
- Polish MNiSW [N N202 1489 33]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/E036066/1, GR/S82176/01] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/E036066/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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We give a detailed discussion of optimal quantum states for optical two-mode interferometry in the presence of photon losses. We derive analytical formulae for the precision of phase estimation obtainable using quantum states of light with a definite photon number and prove that maximization of the precision is a convex optimization problem. The corresponding optimal precision, i.e., the lowest possible uncertainty, is shown to beat the standard quantum limit thus outperforming classical interferometry. Furthermore, we discuss more general inputs: states with indefinite photon number and states with photons distributed between distinguishable time bins. We prove that neither of these is helpful in improving phase estimation precision.
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