Journal
AIDS
Volume 25, Issue 7, Pages 911-917Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328344fedc
Keywords
HIV; infants; Malawi; nevirapine; resistance
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (NICH/HD)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Office of AIDS Research, of the NIH, DHHS [U01 AI068613]
- International Maternal Pediatric and Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) Network [U01 AI068633]
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50/CCU022061]
- [R03 HD061299]
- [R01 AI087139]
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Background: In the Post Exposure Prophylaxis of Infants (PEPI)-Malawi trial, infants received up to 14 weeks of extended nevirapine (NVP) or extended NVP with zidovudine (NVP + ZDV) to prevent postnatal HIV transmission. We examined emergence and persistence of NVP resistance in HIV-infected infants who received these regimens prior to HIV diagnosis. Methods: Infant plasma samples collected at 14 weeks of age were tested using the ViroSeq HIV Genotyping System and a sensitive point mutation assay, LigAmp (for K103N and Y181C). Samples collected at 6 and 12 months of age were analyzed using LigAmp. Results: At 14 weeks of age, NVP resistance was detected in samples from 82 (75.9%) of 108 HIV-infected infants. Although the frequency of NVP resistance detected by ViroSeq was lower in the extended NVP + ZDV arm than in the extended NVP arm, the difference was not statistically significant (38/55 = 69.1% vs. 44/53 = 83.0%, P = 0.12). Similar results were obtained using LigAmp. Using LigAmp, the proportion of infants who still had detectable NVP resistance at 6 and 12 months was similar among infants in the two study arms (at 6 months: 17/20 = 85.0% for extended NVP vs. 21/26 = 80.8% for extended NVP + ZDV, P = 00; at 12 months: 9/16 = 56.3% for extended NVP vs. 10/13 = 76.9% for extended NVP + ZDV, P = 0.43). Conclusion: Infants exposed to extended NVP or extended NVP + ZDV had high rates of NVP resistance at 14 weeks of age, and resistant variants frequently persisted for 6-12 months. Frequency and persistence of NVP resistance did not differ significantly among infants who received extended NVP only vs. extended NVP + ZDV prophylaxis. (C) 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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