Journal
AICHE JOURNAL
Volume 58, Issue 1, Pages 236-246Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1002/aic.12556
Keywords
cellulose; levulinic acid; hydrochloric acid; kinetics; model; rate control
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Funding
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
- University of Massachusetts [09-005334-000]
- Ford Motor Company
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In this study, the kinetics of the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101) to levulinic (LA) and formic (FA) acids was investigated in a batch reactor over the following range of conditions: 160-200 degrees C, hydrochloric acid concentrations of 0.309-0.927 M (11.3-33.8 g/l), cellulose concentrations of 49.8-149 mM (8.06-24.1 g/l), and residence times of 0-50 min. The maximum LA yield of around 60% of theoretical was achieved for an initial cellulose concentration of 99.6 mM, acid concentration 0.927 M, and 180-200 degrees C. A mathematical model and its analytical solution were developed to predict conversion of cellulose to LA and FA through glucose and hydroxymethyl-2-furfural based on an irreversible pseudo-first order reaction. Rate analysis of each reaction indicated that the rate-controlling step shifted from LA formation initially to HMF formation later. (C) 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 236-246, 2012
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