Journal
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
Volume 12, Issue 2, Pages 520-534Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.11.004
Keywords
Ageing; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Beclin 1; Inflammasome; NF-kappa B
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Funding
- Academy of Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Autophagy and apoptosis are crucial cellular housekeeping and tissue survival mechanisms. There is emerging evidence of important crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy which can be linked to inflammasome activation. Beclin 1 is a platform protein which assembles an interactome consisting of diverse proteins which control the initiation of autophagocytosis and distinct phases in endocytosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members can interact with Beclin 1 and inhibit autophagy. Consequently, impaired autophagy can trigger inflammasome activation. Interestingly, the hallmarks of the ageing process include a decline in autophagy, increased resistance to apoptosis and a low-grade inflammatory phenotype. Age-related stresses, e.g. genotoxic, metabolic and environmental insults, enhance the expression of NF-kappa B-driven anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins which repress the Beclin 1-dependent autophagy. Suppression of autophagocytosis provokes inflammation including NF-kappa B activation which further potentiates anti-apoptotic defence. In a context-dependent manner, this feedback defence mechanism can enhance the aging process or provoke tumorigenesis or cellular senescence. We will review the role of Beclin 1 interactome in the crosstalk between apoptosis, autophagy and inflammasomes emphasizing that disturbances in Beclin 1-dependent autophagy can have a crucial impact on the aging process. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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