Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 7, Issue 10, Pages 5950-5958Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00209
Keywords
lithium metal; dendrites; ionic liquids; SEI; energy storage; nickel
Funding
- European Commission [265971]
- Project Stable Interfaces for Rechargeable Batteries (SIRBATT) [608502]
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In this study, we report on the electroplating and stripping of lithium in two ionic liquid (IL) based electrolytes, namely N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (Pyr(14)FSI) and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Pyr(14)TFSI), and mixtures thereof, both on nickel and lithium electrodes. An improved method to evaluate the Li cycling efficiency confirmed that homogeneous electroplating (and stripping) of Li is possible with TFSI-based ILs. Moreover, the presence of native surface features on lithium, directly observable via scanning electron microscope imaging, was used to demonstrate the enhanced electrolyte interphase (SEI)-forming ability, that is, fast cathodic reactivity of this class of electrolytes and the suppressed dendrite growth. Finally, the induced inhomogeneous deposition enabled us to witness the SEI cracking and revealed previously unreported bundled Li fibers below the pre-existing SEI and nonrod-shaped protuberances resulting from Li extrusion.
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