Journal
TOURISM MANAGEMENT
Volume 30, Issue 6, Pages 847-856Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.12.008
Keywords
Mixed industry; Ownership; Festivals; Business models
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This paper discusses important policy and management implications of tourism as a mixed industry in which public, not-for-profit, and private organisations such as festivals both compete and collaborate in creating the tourist product. To illustrate, four samples of festivals from the UK, Australia, Norway and Sweden are systematically compared in terms of their ownership, governance, structure, and content. Although the festivals offered a similar product and had similar mandates, they differed considerably in terms of revenue sources, cost structure, use of volunteers, corporate sponsorship, and decision-making. These differences are potentially important to destinations that view festivals as attractions and use them in place marketing. Implications are drawn for festival management and tourism policy, and recommendations are made for extending this line of inquiry to the tourism industry as a whole. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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