Journal
HUMAN ECOLOGY
Volume 38, Issue 1, Pages 3-17Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10745-009-9288-4
Keywords
Nomadic pastoralism; Negative externalities; Management; Tragedy of the commons; Herd maximization; Rangifer tarandus; Norway
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This study tests the hypothesis that herd accumulation can be a risk reducing strategy aimed at increasing security in an unpredictable environment. Saami reindeer husbandry in Norway is characterized by environmental unpredictability and occasionally harsh winters can have dramatic negative effects on reindeer population densities. While herd accumulation has been found to be an adaptive risk reducing strategy in stochastic environments (i.e., individually rational), the accumulation of large herds may also result in collectively negative density dependent effects, which may negatively affect individual herders (i.e., collectively irrational). We found that individual husbandry units' strategies, such as accumulating reindeer, have a larger effect on individual husbandry units' herd size than a negative density-dependent effect.
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