Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 30, Issue 46, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801362
Keywords
blood-brain barrier; drug delivery; nanomaterials; nanoparticles; neurological diseases
Categories
Funding
- Australian Research Council (ARC) under the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology [CE140100036]
- Yulgilbar Foundation
- Melbourne Neuroscience Institution
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Senior Principal Research Fellowship [APP1135806]
- NHMRC-ARC Dementia Research Development Fellowship [APP1109945]
- NHMRC Fellowship [GNT1103703, GNT1123625, GNT11326040]
- NIH Research Project Grant [1RF1AG054057-01]
- H2020/European Union through a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship [745676]
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Therapies directed toward the central nervous system remain difficult to translate into improved clinical outcomes. This is largely due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), arguably the most tightly regulated interface in the human body, which routinely excludes most therapeutics. Advances in the engineering of nanomaterials and their application in biomedicine (i.e., nanomedicine) are enabling new strategies that have the potential to help improve our understanding and treatment of neurological diseases. Herein, the various mechanisms by which therapeutics can be delivered to the brain are examined and key challenges facing translation of this research from benchtop to bedside are highlighted. Following a contextual overview of the BBB anatomy and physiology in both healthy and diseased states, relevant therapeutic strategies for bypassing and crossing the BBB are discussed. The focus here is especially on nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems and the potential of these to overcome the biological challenges imposed by the BBB. Finally, disease-targeting strategies and clearance mechanisms are explored. The objective is to provide the diverse range of researchers active in the field (e.g., material scientists, chemists, engineers, neuroscientists, and clinicians) with an easily accessible guide to the key opportunities and challenges currently facing the nanomaterial-mediated treatment of neurological diseases.
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