Journal
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
Volume 95, Issue 2, Pages 277-290Publisher
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/a0018137
Keywords
theory of other orientation; organizational citizenship behavior; prosocial behavior; social exchange; rational self-interest
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The definition of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has evolved froth one in which the behavior is unrewarded to one in which rewards play a significant role. As a result, little is known about mechanisms that sustain unrewarded OCB. We used the theory of other orientation to examine 2 mechanisms based on the norm of reciprocity: the obligation to reciprocate the benefits already received from another (paying you back) and the expected reciprocity that one's actions will stimulate future benefits from another (paying me forward). We propose that these mechanisms are more or less influential depending on one's motivational orientation. In 3 experiments using both trait and state indicators of other orientation, we found that the prosocial behavior of individuals higher in other orientation was more strongly influenced by the obligation to reciprocate and less affected by the expectation of reciprocity.
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