Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 26, Issue 12, Pages 1846-1885Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304496
Keywords
biomaterials; conducting polymers; carbon nanotubes; graphene; nanowires
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Funding
- Material Research Institute
- Pennsylvania State University
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Recent advances in nanotechnology have generated wide interest in applying nanomaterials for neural prostheses. An ideal neural interface should create seamless integration into the nervous system and performs reliably for long periods of time. As a result, many nanoscale materials not originally developed for neural interfaces become attractive candidates to detect neural signals and stimulate neurons. In this comprehensive review, an overview of state-of-the-art microelectrode technologies provided first, with focus on the material properties of these microdevices. The advancements in electroactive nanomaterials are then reviewed, including conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, silicon nanowires, and hybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterials, for neural recording, stimulation, and growth. Finally, technical and scientific challenges are discussed regarding biocompatibility, mechanical mismatch, and electrical properties faced by these nanomaterials for the development of long-lasting functional neural interfaces.
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