Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 26, Issue 46, Pages 7786-7806Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304507
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Funding
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB934500]
- Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [91333112, 11179032]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Fund for Innovative Research Teams of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science Technology
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Carbon and silicon materials are two of the most important materials involved in the history of the science and technology development. In the last two decades, C and Si nanoscale materials, e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, and silicon nanowires, and quantum dots, have also emerged as the most interesting nanomaterials in nanoscience and nanotechnology for their myriad promising applications such as for electronics, sensors, biotechnology, etc. In particular, carbon and silicon nanostructures are being utilized in energy-related applications such as catalysis, batteries, solar cells, etc., with significant advances. Understanding of the nature of surface and electronic structures of nanostructures plays a key role in the development and improvement of energy conversion and storage nanosystems. Synchrotron soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and related techniques, such as X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), show unique capability in revealing the surface and electronic structures of C and Si nanomaterials. In this review, XAS is demonstrated as a powerful technique for probing chemical bonding, the electronic structure, and the surface chemistry of carbon and silicon nanomaterials, which can greatly enhance the fundamental understanding and also applicability of these nanomaterials in energy applications. The focus is on the unique advantages of XAS as a complementary tool to conventional microscopy and spectroscopy for effectively providing chemical and structural information about carbon and silicon nanostructures. The employment of XAS for in situ, real-time study of property evolution of C and Si nanostructures to elucidate the mechanisms in energy conversion or storage processes is also discussed.
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