Multiresponsive, Hierarchically Structured Membranes: New, Challenging, Biomimetic Materials for Biosensors, Controlled Release, Biochemical Gates, and Nanoreactors

Multifunctional responsive gel membranes present a new and promising platform for the development of smart devices for bioseparation, biosensors, and smart drug release. These membranes combine functions of stimuli-responsive control and regulation of the mass transport with a range of properties such as storage, catalysis of chemical reactions, antimicrobial activity, and optical-signal transduction. The membranes, whether surface attached or free standing, can be prepared from synthetic polymers or biopolymers. The membranes regulate mass transport in a broad range, and demonstrate a rapid response to external signals.