Motor protein CF0F1 reconstituted in lipid-coated hemoglobin microcapsules for ATP synthesis

ATPase, the smallest molecular motor in nature, is assembled within lipid-modified protein microcapsules. ATP is generated by driving the ATPase using a proton gradient provided by the oxidation and hydrolysis of glucose, as schematically illustrated in the figure. The demonstration of ATPase catalysis in microcapsules has implications for the design of functional smart materials and drug delivery vehicles.