Mobility and dynamics of charge carriers in Rubrene single crystals studied by flash-photolysis microwave conductivity and optical spectroscopy

The optoelectronic properties of single-crystal rubrene are investigated by microwave and optical spectroscopy, demonstrating the anisotropy, ambipolarity, and dynamics of the charge carriers. They are discussed in terms of charge recombination, exciton-exciton annihilation, quantum efficiency, triplet contribution, the extinction coefficient of radical cations/anions, and density functional theory.