Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 24, Issue 22, Pages 3384-3391Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201303914
Keywords
3D branched nanowires; hydrothermal growth; oblique angle deposition; light emission; LEDs
Categories
Funding
- IT R&D program of MKE/KEIT [10035598, 180]
- Pioneer Research Center Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [NRF-2013M3C1A3063602]
- Future Strategic Fund of UNIST(Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) [1.130061.01]
- Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) [10035598] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE), Republic of Korea [2010-TD-200402-002] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2013M3C1A3063602] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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A facile method to fabricate three-dimensional branched ZnO/MgO nanowire heterostructures and their application as the efficient light-extraction layer in light-emitting diodes are reported. The branched MgO nanowires are produced on the hydrothermally-grown ZnO nanowires with a small tapering angle towards the tip (approximate to 6 degrees), by the oblique angle flux incidence of MgO. The structural evolution during the growth verifies the formation of the MgO nanoscale islands with strong (111) preferred orientation on very thin (5-7 nm) MgO (110) layer. The MgO nanobranches, then grown on the islands, are polycrystalline consisting of many grains oriented in specific directions of <200> and <220>, supported by the nucleation theory. The LEDs with the branched ZnO/MgO nanowire arrays show a remarkable enhancement in the light output power by 21% compared with that of LEDs with pristine ZnO nanowires. Theoretical calculations using a finite-difference time-domain method reveal that the nanostructure is very effective in breaking the wave-guiding mode inside the ZnO nanowires, extracting more light especially in radial direction through the MgO nanobranches.
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