Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 23, Issue 37, Pages 4684-4693Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201203686
Keywords
graphene; graphene oxide; surface science; scanning probe microscopy; electrochemistry
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Funding
- European Science Foundation (ESF) under the EUROCORES Program EuroGRAPHENE (GOSPEL)
- Regione Emilia-Romagna-Attivita I.1.1.
- EC Marie-Curie ITN-GENIUS [PITN-GA-2010-264694]
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The different exfoliation routes of graphite to produce graphene by sonication in solvent, chemical oxidation and electrochemical oxidation are compared. The exfoliation process and roughening of a flat graphite substrate is directly visualized at the nanoscale by scanning probe and electron microscopy. The etching damage in graphite and the properties of the exfoliated sheets are compared by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show the trade-off between exfoliation speed and preservation of graphene quality. A key step to achieve efficient exfoliation is to couple gas production and mechanical exfoliation on a macroscale with non-covalent exfoliation and preservation of graphene properties on a molecular scale.
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