Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 23, Issue 30, Pages 3747-3754Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201202682
Keywords
mesoporous materials; tungsten oxide; carbon; nanocomposites; electrochemical capacitors
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- Korea government (MEST) [2012R1A2A2A01002879]
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Institutional Program [2E22853-12-105]
- Global Frontier R&D Program on Center for Multiscale Energy System
- National Research Foundation under the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Korea
- National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST), Republic of Korea [2E23943] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2012R1A2A2A01002879, 2011-0031570] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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An ordered mesoporous tungsten-oxide/carbon (denoted as m-WO3-x-C-s) nanocomposite is synthesized using a simple one-pot method using polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) as a structure-directing agent. The hydrophilic PEO block interacts with the carbon and tungsten precursors (resol polymer and WCl6), and the PS block is converted to pores after heating at 700 degrees C under a nitrogen flow. The m-WO3-x-C-s nanocomposite has a high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and hexagonally ordered pores. Because of its mesoporous structure and high intrinsic density of tungsten oxide, this material exhibits a high average volumetric capacitance and gravimetric capacitance as a pseudocapacitor electrode. In comparison with reduced mesoporous tungsten oxide (denoted as m-WO3-x-h), which is synthesized by a tedious hard template approach and further reduction in a H-2/N-2 atmosphere, m-WO3-x-C-s shows a high capacitance and enhanced rate performance, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The good performance of m-WO3-x-C-s is attributed to the high surface area arising from the mesoporous structure, the large interconnected mesopores, and the low internal resistance from the well-dispersed reduced tungsten oxide and amorphous carbon composite structure. Here, the amorphous carbon acts as an electrical pathway for effective pseudocapacitor behavior of WO3-x.
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