Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 19, Issue 14, Pages 2332-2337Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200900214
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Funding
- Air Force office of Scientific Research [FA9550-06-C-0010]
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- National Science Foundation [0348955, 11P-0740454]
- Cluster of Excellence Engineering of Advanced Materials
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Division Of Materials Research
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [0348955] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Here the influence that 1-(3-hexoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-phenyl-[6,6]-Lu3N@C-81, Lu3N@C-80-PCBH, a novel acceptor material, has on active layer morphology and the performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices using this material is reported. Polymer/fullerene blend films with poly(3-hexylthiophene), P3HT, donor material and Lu3N@C-80-PCBH acceptor material are studied using absorption spectroscopy, grazing incident X-ray diffraction and photocurrent spectra of photovoltaic devices. Due to a smaller molecular orbital offset the OPV devices built with Lu3N@C-80-PCBH display increased open circuit voltage over empty cage fullerene acceptors. The photovoltaic performance of these metallo endohedral fullerene blend films is found to be highly impacted by the fullerene loading. The results indicate that the optimized blend ratio in a P3HT matrix differs from a molecular equivalent of an optimized P3HT/[6,6]-phenyl-C-61-butyric methyl ester, C-60-PCBM, active layer, and this is related to the physical differences of the C-80 fullerene. The influence that active layer annealing has on the OPV performance is further evaluated. Through properly matching the film processing and the donor/acceptor ratio, devices with power conversion efficiency greater than 4% are demonstrated.
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