Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 19, Issue 18, Pages 2924-2929Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200900234
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada
- Gouvernement du Quebec
- Ministere du Developpement economique
- de l'Innovation et de l'Exportation
- Royal Society (UK)
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Nanoparticles of NaGdF4 doped with trivalent erbium (Er3+) and ytterbium (Yb3+) are prepared by a modified thermal decomposition synthesis from trifluoroacetate precursors in 1-octadecene and oleic acid. The nanoparticles emit visible upconverted luminescence on excitation with near-infrared light. To minimize quenching of this luminescence by surface defects and surface-associated ligands, the nanoparticles are coated with a shell of NaGdF4. The intensity of the upconversion luminescence is compared for nanoparticles that were coated with an undoped shell (inert shell) and similar particles coated with a Yb3+-doped shell (active shell). Luminescence is also measured for nanoparticles lacking the shell (core only), and doped with Yb3+ at levels corresponding to the doped and undoped core/shell materials respectively. Upconversion luminescence was more intense for the core/shell materials than for the uncoated nanoparticles, and is greatest for the materials having the active doped shell. Increasing the Yb3+ concentration in the core-only nanoparticles decreases the upconversion luminescence intensity. The processes responsible for the upconversion are presented and the potential advantages of active-core/active-shell nanoparticles are discussed.
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