Journal
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
Volume 65, Issue 6, Pages 800-810Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.01.003
Keywords
Nanoparticles; Oral delivery; Simulated intestinal fluid; Transwell (R); Closed loop; Gut-on-a-chip; CaCo-2; Epithelium; Oral delivery barriers
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL089764, R01 HL109442] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI096305] Funding Source: Medline
- NIBIB NIH HHS [R21 EB015300] Funding Source: Medline
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Oral delivery is an attractive route to deliver therapeutics via nanoparticles due to its ease of administration and patient compliance. This review discusses laboratory techniques for studying oral delivery of nanoparticles, which offer protection of cargo through the gastrointestinal tract. Some of the difficulties in modeling oral delivery include the harsh acidic environment, variable pH, and the tight monolayer of endothelial cells present throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The use of in vitro techniques including the Transwell (R) system, simulated gastric/intestinal fluid, and diffusion chambers addresses these challenges. When studying effects after oral delivery in vivo, bioimaging of nanoparticle biodistribution using radioactive markers has been popular. Functional assays such as immune response and systemic protein concentration analysis can further define the merits of the oral delivery systems. As biologics become increasingly more important in chronic therapies, nanoparticle-mediated oral delivery will assume greater prominence, and more sophisticated in vitro and in vivo models will be required. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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