Journal
ADDICTION BIOLOGY
Volume 15, Issue 2, Pages 109-124Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00192.x
Keywords
Alcohol; animal models; biomarkers; genetics; heavy drinking; human laboratory models
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [K05 AA014715, P50 AA012870, R01 AA016621, R37 AA007702, U01 AA013479]
- United Kingdom Medical Research Council
- Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services
- MRC [G0802642, G1000008, G0400568, G0802715] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [G0400568, G0802715, G0802642, G1000008] Funding Source: researchfish
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There is only modest overlap in the most common alcohol consumption phenotypes measured in animal studies and those typically studied in humans. To address this issue, we identified a number of alcohol consumption phenotypes of importance to the field that have potential for consilience between human and animal models. These phenotypes can be broken down into three categories: (1) abstinence/the decision to drink or abstain; (2) the actual amount of alcohol consumed; and (3) heavy drinking. A number of suggestions for human and animal researchers are made in order to address these phenotypes and enhance consilience. Laboratory studies of the decision to drink or to abstain are needed in both human and animal research. In human laboratory studies, heavy or binge drinking that meets cut-offs used in epidemiological and clinical studies should be reported. Greater attention to patterns of drinking over time is needed in both animal and human studies. Individual differences pertaining to all consumption phenotypes should be addressed in animal research. Lastly, improved biomarkers need to be developed in future research for use with both humans and animals. Greater precision in estimating blood alcohol levels in the field, together with consistent measurement of breath/blood alcohol levels in human laboratory and animal studies, provides one means of achieving greater consilience of alcohol consumption phenotypes.
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