Physical health of patients with bipolar disorder

Objective This article reviews the characteristics of bipolar disorder and approaches to minimise physical health risks, as well as treatment options, and their influence on patient quality of life (QoL). Method The content of this article is based on the proceedings of a 1-day standalone symposium in November 2011 exploring how to establish a bipolar clinic within the context of existing services in the UK's National Health Service. Results Bipolar disorder is a common mental disorder and often under-recognised in patients with major depressive episodes. Patients are largely dependent on family and carers to lead normal lifestyles and have difficulties maintaining relationships. Mental health and physical health are closely linked, with risk factors such as weight gain, metabolic syndrome, smoking and diabetes contributing to cardiovascular disease and early death. Antipsychotics may induce treatment-related comorbidities, thus further contributing to a low QoL of patients. Symptoms of comorbidity or depression are frequently relieved through self-medication and substance abuse, thus increasing patient health and suicide risk. Therefore, regular health monitoring and patient education in risk factor minimisation are required. Conclusion Early pharmacotherapeutic and psychoeducational interventions are required to improve treatment outcomes, as well as improving patient understanding of ways to minimise comorbidity development.