Journal
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
Volume 122, Issue 3, Pages 255-266Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01539.x
Keywords
adolescent; bipolar disorder; cohort studies; early diagnosis; risk factors
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Funding
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01EB9405/6, 01EB 9901/6, EB01016200, 01EB0140, 01EB0440]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [LA1148/1-1, WI2246/1-1, WI 709/7-1, WI 709/8-1]
- Dutch Medical Council [916.76.147]
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Objective: To examine factors increasing the risk for onset and persistence of subthreshold mania and depression. Method: In a prospective cohort community study, the association between risk factors [a family history of mood disorders, trauma, substance use, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and temperamental/personality traits] and onset of manic/depressive symptoms was determined in 705 adolescents. The interaction between baseline risk factors and baseline symptoms in predicting 8-year follow-up symptoms was used to model the impact of risk factors on persistence. Results: Onset of manic symptoms was associated with cannabis use and novelty seeking (NS), but NS predicted a transitory course. Onset of depressive symptoms was associated with a family history of depression. ADHD and harm avoidance (HA) were associated with persistence of depressive symptoms, while trauma and a family history of depression predicted a transitory course. Conclusion: Different risk factors may operate during onset and persistence of subthreshold mania and depression. The differential associations found for mania and depression dimensions suggest partly different underlying mechanisms.
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