Transient impairments in single muscle fibre contractile function after prolonged cycling in elite endurance athletes

Aim Prolonged muscle activity impairs whole-muscle performance and function. However, little is known about the effects of prolonged muscle activity on the contractile function of human single muscle fibres. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged exercise and subsequent recovery on the contractile function of single muscle fibres obtained from elite athletes. Methods Nine male triathletes (26 +/- 1years, 68 +/- 1mL O2min-1 kg-1, training volume 16 +/- 1hweek-1) performed 4h of cycling exercise (at 73% of HRmax) followed by 24h of recovery. Biopsies from vastus lateralis were obtained before and following 4h exercise and following 24h recovery. Measurements comprised maximal Ca2+-activated specific force and Ca2+ sensitivity of slow type I and fast type II single muscle fibres, as well as cycling peak power output. Results Following cycling exercise, specific force was reduced to a similar extent in slow and fast fibres (-15 and -18%, respectively), while Ca2+ sensitivity decreased in fast fibres only. Single fibre-specific force was fully restored in both fibre types after 24h recovery. Cycling peak power output was reduced by 4-9% following cycling exercise and fully restored following recovery. Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate that prolonged cycling exercise transiently impairs specific force in type I and II fibres and decreases Ca2+ sensitivity in type II fibres only, specifically in elite endurance athletes. Further, the changes in single fibre-specific force induced by exercise and recovery coincided temporally with changes in cycling peak power output.