Journal
ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA
Volume 198, Issue 3, Pages 303-312Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02075.x
Keywords
diet-induced obesity; neuropeptide; spontaneous physical activity
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Funding
- NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK100281, R01 DK078985] Funding Source: Medline
- RRD VA [I01 RX000441] Funding Source: Medline
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The hypocretins or orexins are endogenous neuropeptides synthesized in discrete lateral, perifornical and dorsal hypothalamic neurones. These multi-functional neuropeptides modulate energy homeostasis, arousal, stress, reward, reproduction and cardiovascular function. This review summarizes the role of hypocretins in modulating non-sleep-related energy expenditure with specific focus on the augmentation of whole body energy expenditure as well as hypocretin-induced physical activity and sympathetic outflow. We compare the efficacy of hypocretin-1 and 2 on energy expenditure and evaluate whether the literature implicates hypocretin signalling though the hypocretin-1 and -2 receptor as having shared and or functionally specific physiological effects. Thus far data suggest that hypocretin-1 has a more robust stimulatory effect relative to hypocretin-2. Furthermore, hypocretin-1 receptor predominantly mediates behaviours known to influence energy expenditure. Further studies on the hypocretin-2 receptor are needed.
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