Journal
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
Volume 34, Issue 1, Pages 49-59Publisher
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.139
Keywords
Ca2+ homeostasis; ischemia; ER stress; IP3R; RyR; SERCA; unfolded protein response(UPR); neuronal cell death
Funding
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
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The loss of Ca2+ homeostasis during cerebral ischemia is a hallmark of impending neuronal demise. Accordingly, considerable cellular resources are expended in maintaining low resting cytosolic levels of Ca2+. These include contributions by a host of proteins involved in the sequestration and transport of Ca2+, many of which are expressed within intracellular organelles, including lysosomes, mitochondria as Well as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ca2+ sequestration by the ER contributes to cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics and homeostasis. Furthermore, within the ER Ca2+ plays a central role in regulating a host of physiological processes. Conversely, impaired ER Ca2+ homeostasis is an important trigger of pathological processes. Here we review a growing body of evidence suggesting that ER dysfunction is an important factor contributing to neuronal injury and loss post-ischemia. Specifically, the contribution of the ER to cytosolic Ca2+ elevations during ischemia will be considered, as will the signalling cascades recruited as a consequence of disrupting ER homeostasis and function.
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