Journal
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS
Volume 96, Issue -, Pages 39-49Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10551-011-0942-6
Keywords
Activist; Dynamism; Graphical representation; NGO; Olympic Games; Responsibility; Stakeholder; Stakeholder model; Stakeholder theory; Stakeseeker; Stakewatcher
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Stakeholder literature has acknowledged the need to complement the extant theory on stakeholder management by more dynamic perspectives. This article makes use of the recent terminology of stakewatcher and stakeseeker to illustrate the dynamic aspect of stakeholder theory transposed in the graphical representation of Freeman's stakeholder model. Presenting a few selected case studies, it applies the scheme on the concept of value responsibility chain; it exemplifies the role of stakeseekers in various forms of activism, from shareholders, NGOs and government, in the stakeholder mobilisation process. This article clarifies how stakewatchers and stakeseekers can profoundly affect stakeholder salience, especially in crises. The transposition and integration of the dynamic aspect of stakeholder theory into the graphical representation strengthen the forceful pedagogical value of the Freeman's stakeholder graphical model.
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