Journal
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 10, Issue 8, Pages 594-604Publisher
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/nri2815
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Funding
- Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders
- Belgian Science Policy [IAP VI/18]
- Belgische Vereniging tegen Kanker
- Flanders Institute for Biotechnology
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In response to various immune challenges, females show better survival than males; the X chromosome has an important role in this immunological advantage. X chromosome-linked diseases are usually restricted to males, who have only one copy of the X chromosome; however, females are more prone to autoimmune diseases, and the X chromosome may be involved in the breakdown of self tolerance. Several hypotheses have been proposed in recent years that support a role for the X chromosome in shaping autoimmune responses. Here, we review the main mechanisms responsible for increased immune activity in females. This provides a survival advantage in the face of pathogenic insult but can also enhance the susceptibility of females to autoimmunity.
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