Journal
BOLETIN LATINOAMERICANO Y DEL CARIBE DE PLANTAS MEDICINALES Y AROMATICAS
Volume 9, Issue 5, Pages 397-413Publisher
SOC FITOQUIMICA LATINOAMERICANA
Keywords
Penstemon gentianoides; anti-inflammatory activity; antioxidant activity; COX-2 Inhibitors; NO inhibitors; Plantaginaceae
Funding
- PAPIITDGAPA - UNAM [IN243802-2, IN211105-3]
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Bio-Bio, Chillan, Chile
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Penstemon gentianoides (HBK) (Kunth) Poir (Plantaginaceae) is an evergreen shrub that grows the throughout high mountains from Guatemala, Mexico and Southern states of US. Its leaves and roots have been used therapeutically for inflammation-related conditions from Aztec times, but systematic studies of its anti-inflammatory activity are lacking and no specific active components have been identified. In this study, methanol, n-hexane, CH(2)Cl(2), ethyl acetate and methanol/water (6:4) extracts, luteolin, diosmetin, verbascoside, martynoside, pensteminoside, globularisicin and plantarenaloside isolated from this plant were evaluated by determining their inhibitory effects on the production of proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Ethyl acetate extract, luteolin, and diosmetin exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The results indicated that luteolin and diosmetin suppressed the LPS induced production of nitric oxide (NO), through the down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein expressions and showed a potent antioxidant activity against DPPH, TBARS and DCFH. The inhibition of enzymes and NO production by selected extracts and compounds was dose-dependent with significant effects seen at concentration as low as 50 mu M. Thus, luteolin and diosmetin may provide a potential therapeutic approach for inflammation associated disorders.
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