Journal
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
Volume 118, Issue 4, Pages 541-552Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00401-009-0559-3
Keywords
Ischemic stroke; Human; Apoptosis; PARP-1; Caspase-3; Immunohistochemistry
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Funding
- Finnish Academy
- Sigrid Juselius Foundation
- HUCH
- Parivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation
- H. Lundbeck Inc.
- Maire Taponen Foundation
- Finnish Medical Foundation
- Finnish Cultural Foundation
- Aarne Koskelo Foundation
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Apoptotic cell death contributes to neuronal loss in the penumbral region of brain infarction. Activated caspase-3 (ACA-3) cleaves proteins including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) important in DNA repair, thus promoting apoptosis. Overactivation of PARP-1 depletes NAD(+) and ATP, resulting in necrosis. These cell death phenomena have been investigated mostly in experimental animals. We studied an autopsy cohort of 13 fatal ischemic stroke cases (symptoms 15 h to 18 days) and 2 controls by immunohistochemical techniques. The number of PARP-1 immunoreactive neurons was highest in the periinfarct area. Nuclear PARP-1 correlated with increasing neuronal necrosis (P = 0.013). Cytoplasmic PARP-1 correlated with TUNEL in periinfarct and core areas (P = 0.01). Cytoplasmic cleaved PARP-1 was inversely correlated with increasing necrotic damage (P = 0.001). PAR-polymers were detected in neurons confirming enzymatic activity of PARP-1. Cytoplasmic ACA-3 correlated with death receptor Fas (r (s) = 0.48; P = 0.005). In conclusion, the confirmation of the same pathways of cell death than previously described in experimental animal models encourages neuroprotective treatments acting on these mediators also in human stroke.
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