Progressive periodontal disease has a simultaneous incremental elevation of gingival crevicular fluid and serum CRP levels

Aim: Increased C-reactive protein levels have been found in all active inflammations, including periodontitis. This study aims to assess the C-reactive protein levels in periodontal disease progression. Methods: Forty-five patients were divided into the following three groups (n=15) based on gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level: healthy (group I), gingivitis (group II), and chronic periodontitis (group III). Gingival crevicular fluid and serum samples were quantified for C-reactive protein using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean C-reactive protein concentration in gingival crevicular fluid and serum was found to be highest in group III (1233.33 ng/mL for gingival crevicular fluid, 5483.33 ng/mL for serum), and least in group I (60 ng/mL and 413 ng/ mL for gingival crevicular fluid and serum, respectively) The mean C-reactive protein concentration in group II (453.33 ng/mL for gingival crevicular fluid and 3565.33 ng/mL for serum) was found to be intermediate. Conclusions: C-reactive protein levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum increased proportionately with the severity of periodontal disease. They correlated positively with clinical parameters, including gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. Thus, it can be considered as a periodontal inflammatory biomarker and deserves further consideration.