Journal
ACTA MATERIALIA
Volume 56, Issue 13, Pages 3053-3064Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.02.040
Keywords
severe plastic deformation; transmission electron microscopy; analytical electron microscopy; copper alloys; wear
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The microstructure of the transfer layer, and the underlying severely plastically deformed layer (SPDL), formed during the dry sliding of a spinodally hardened Cu-15 wt.% Ni-8 wt.% Sn bronze against a stainless steel, is characterized at the nanoscale by conventional and analytical transmission electron microscopy, including energy-dispersive spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The SPDL consists of a Cu-Ni-Sn solid solution with elongated nanograins, due to extensive dislocation glide and twinning. In contrast, the transfer layer, 2-3 mu m thick, is an equiaxed nanocomposite comprised of a Cu-rich metallic phase with a (Fe,Cr)(2)O-3-based oxide precipitates, and forms as a result of the mechanical mixing and compaction of wear debris. The bronze in this layer has undergone dealloying, indicative of the importance of thermal effects. The dispersion of oxide in the transfer layer suggests a different type of forced mixing, possibly turbulent mixing. The transfer layer is observed to improve significantly the wear resistance of the bronze. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. All rights reserved.
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