Journal
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
Volume 32, Issue 3, Pages 405-411Publisher
SCIENCE PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(10)60188-X
Keywords
alkaline earth; basic site; NaY zeolite; lactic acid; dehydration; acrylic acid
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [20906051]
- Jiangsu Province Fundamental Research Plan [BK2009478]
- Nanjing University of Technology
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Various NaY zeolites modified by alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) were synthesized and used as catalysts for the dehydration of lactic acid to acrylic acid to investigate the effects of cationic species on the structure and surface acid/base distribution of the NaY zeolites. The important factors that affect their catalytic performance were also identified. The catalysts were characterized by N-2 physical adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed desorption of NH3, and temperature-programmed desorption of CO2. The results show that the basic sites that are induced by modified metallic species, particularly the medium basic sites, are mainly responsible for the formation of acrylic acid. The generation of acetaldehyde was affected by the acidic sites. Among the catalysts, 2%Ba/NaY showed the highest yield of acrylic acid at up to 44.6% (38% solution, LHSV = 3 h(-1), 325 degrees C) because it contained the most medium basic sites and a suitable Ba2+ cluster character.
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