Timing and duration of sleep and meals in obese and normal weight women. Association with increase blood pressure

The aim was to evaluate the efficiency and duration of sleep and meals in normal-weight and obese women and the impact of these factors on metabolic syndrome (MetS) variables. The study was conducted in 70 women, normal-weight women (n = 20) and obese women (n = 50). Anthropometric variables, plasma glucose, lipids and ghrelin concentrations were determined. Blood pressure measurement was performed before lunch and before dinner for a week on alternate days. Subjects were instructed to keep a sleep and feeding diary. In general, obese women displayed longer and a significantly higher number of awakenings per week than normal-weight women and a higher duration of naps. Sleep efficiency was significantly lower in obese women. The higher intake in energy in the obese women was due to snacking differences. Moreover, higher sleep efficiency was correlated with a decrease in the diastolic blood pressure evening/morning ratio. Interestingly, among normal-weight women, visceral fat increased with the number of awakenings while plasma ghrelin was inversely correlated with meal duration (P = 0.027). In conclusion, obese women had lower sleep efficiency, ate more quickly and spent more time eating and sleeping during the daytime hours than normal-weight women. Of note, sleep efficiency was associated with MetS features. Further interventions in obesity could include educating patients in food timing and in healthier sleep-hygiene practices, helping them to modify bad sleep habits. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.