Journal
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
Volume 10, Issue 10, Pages 4465-4473Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.05.019
Keywords
Apatite; Dissolution; Glass structure; Bioactive glass; Bioactivity
Funding
- Carl Zeiss Foundation, Germany
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Bioactive glasses, particularly Bioglass (R) 45S5, have been used to clinically regenerate human bone since the mid-1980s; however, they show a strong tendency to undergo crystallization upon heat treatment, which limits their range of applications. Attempts at improving their processing (by reducing their tendency to crystallize) have included increasing their silica content (and thus their network connectivity), incorporating intermediate oxides or reducing their phosphate content, all of which reduce glass bioactivity. Therefore, bioactive glasses known for their good processing (e.g. 13-93) are considerably less bioactive. Here, we investigated if the processing of 45S5 bioactive glass can be improved while maintaining its network connectivity and phosphate content. The results show that, by increasing the calcium:alkali cation ratio, partially substituting potassium for sodium (thereby making use of the mixed alkali effect) and adding small amounts of fluoride, bioactive glasses can be obtained which have a larger processing window (suggesting that they can be processed more easily, allowing for sintering of scaffolds or drawing into fibres) while degrading readily and forming apatite in aqueous solution within a few hours. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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