Journal
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
Volume 9, Issue 6, Pages 6964-6973Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.02.031
Keywords
Antimicrobial; Biofilm; Ormosil; Orthodontic base polymer; Polymethyl methacrylate
Funding
- NIDCR [R01 DE015306-06]
- IRRM award from Georgia Health Sciences University
- General Research Fund (GRF) HKU from University of Hong Kong [784410 M]
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Quaternary ammonium methacryloxy silicate (QAMS), an organically modified silicate (ORMOSIL) functionalized with polymerizable methacrylate groups and an antimicrobial agent with a long lipophilic alkyl chain quaternary ammonium group, was synthesized through a silane-based sol-gel route. By dissolving QAMS in methyl methacrylate monomer, this ORMOSIL molecule was incorporated into an auto-polymerizing, powder/liquid orthodontic acrylic resin system, yielding QAMS-containing poly (methyl methacrylate). The QAMS-containing acrylic resin showed a predominant contact-killing effect on Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 35668) and Actinomyces naeslundii (ATCC 12104) biofilms, while inhibiting adhesion of Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) on the acrylic surface. The antimicrobial activities of QAMS-containing acrylic resin were maintained after a 3 month water-aging period. Bromophenol blue assay showed minimal leaching of quaternary ammonium species when an appropriate amount of QAMS (<4 wt.%) was incorporated into the acrylic resin. The results suggest that QAMS is predominantly co-polymerized with the poly(methyl methacrylate) network, and only a minuscule amount of free QAMS molecules is present within the polymer network after water-aging. Acrylic resin with persistent antimicrobial activities represents a promising method for preventing bacteria- and fungus-induced stomatitis, an infectious disease commonly associated with the wearing of removable orthodontic appliances. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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