Journal
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
Volume 8, Issue 6, Pages 2166-2174Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.03.013
Keywords
PMMA bone cement; Hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium; chloride chitosan; Physical properties; Osteogenic activity
Funding
- Shanghai Municipal Education Commission [J50206]
- Shanghai Science and Technology Development Fund [09441900107, 1052nm04600, 08jc1414200]
- Applied Basic Research Programs of ChangZhou [CJ20112001]
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Gentamicin-loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), widely used for primary cemented arthroplasty and revision surgery for preventing or treating infections, may lead to the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and dysfunction of osteogenic cells, which further influence the osteointegration of bone cement. In a previous study, we reported that a new quaternized chitosan derivative (hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan, HACC) that was loaded into PMMA significantly inhibited the formation of biofilms caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains. In the present study, we further investigated the surface morphology, hydrophilicity, apatite formation ability and osteogenic activity of HACC-loaded PMMA. Chitosan-loaded PMMA, gentamicin-loaded PMMA and PMMA without antibiotic were also investigated and compared. The results showed that, compared to other PMMA-based cements, HACC-loaded PMMA had improved properties such as a lower polymerization temperature, prolonged setting time, porous structures after immersion in phosphate-buffered saline, higher hydrophilicity, more apatite formation on the surface after immersion in simulated body fluid, and better attachment and spreading of the human-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. We also found better stem cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and osteogenesis-associated genes expression on the surface of the HACC-loaded PMMA compared to the gentamicin-loaded PMMA. Therefore, this new anti-infective bone cement had improved physical properties and osteogenic activity, which may lead to better osteointegration of the bone cement in cemented arthroplasty. (C) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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