Journal
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
Volume 7, Issue 7, Pages 2960-2968Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.03.020
Keywords
Hydroxyapatite whiskers; Calcium/phosphate ratio; Initial pH; Constitution; Morphology; Hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation
Funding
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong
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Hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation combines the best characteristics of the hydrothermal and homogeneous precipitation methods, and allows long and uniform hydroxyapatite (HA) whiskers, with a high aspect ratio and high crystallinity, to be obtained. Their morphology and structural characteristics depend on the initial Ca/P ratio (iCa/P) and pH (ipH), as well as the initial calcium concentration (i[Ca]). Variation in these values had no effect on constitution, which was crystallographically indistinguishable from HA. Ca/P ratio steadily improved with increases in both ipH and iCa/P, but was independent of i[Ca]. Uniform whiskers were obtained at high iCa/P and low ipH, or at high ipH and low iCa/P. Whiskers with a mean length of 96-140 mu m and an aspect ratio of 96-136 were obtained at ipH = 2-3 and iCa/P = 1.67-2. At a low ipH and low iCa/P, irregular plate-like particles and branch-like whiskers were formed, while a high ipH favoured the formation of lath-like HA at high iCa/P. Preferred growth along the c-axis was more intense at higher iCa/P and ipH as well as at low gal. However, under these conditions, the crystal growth habit was also changed, showing preferred growth along both the c- and a-axes. The increase in whisker width over the general value obtained was abrupt at low i[Ca] and high iCa/P. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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