Journal
JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY
Volume 45, Issue 3, Pages 259-268Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2011.02.004
Keywords
Self-control; Self-regulation; Impulsivity; Multi-method measurement; Convergent validity; Meta-analysis
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Funding
- NIA NIH HHS [K01 AG033182-01A1, K01 AG033182] Funding Source: Medline
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There is extraordinary diversity in how the construct of self-control is operationalized in research studies. We meta-analytically examined evidence of convergent validity among executive function, delay of gratification, and self- and informant-report questionnaire measures of self-control. Overall, measures demonstrated moderate convergence (r(random) = .27 [95% Cl = .24, .30]; r(fixed) = .34 [.33, .35], k = 282 samples, N = 33,564 participants), although there was substantial heterogeneity in the observed correlations. Correlations within and across types of self-control measures were strongest for informant-report questionnaires and weakest for executive function tasks. Questionnaires assessing sensation seeking impulses could be distinguished from questionnaires assessing processes of impulse regulation. We conclude that self-control is a coherent but multidimensional construct best assessed using multiple methods. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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