Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 2820-2825Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn4066395
Keywords
graphene phosphonic acid; flame retardation; ball-milling; edge functionalization
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Funding
- Mid-Career Researcher (MCR) program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea
- BK21 Plus, Basic Science Research program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea
- Basic Research Laboratory (BRL) program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST), U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research through Asian Office of Aerospace RD (AFOSR-AOARD)
- AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0037]
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We report the preparation of graphene phosphonic acid (GPA) via a simple and versatile method and its use as an efficient flame retardant. In order to covalently attach phosphorus to the edges of graphene nanoplatelets, graphite was ball-milled with red phosphorus. The cleavage of graphitic C-C bonds during mechanochemical ball-milling generates reactive carbon species, which react with phosphorus in a sealed ball-mill crusher to form graphene phosphorus. Subsequent opening of the crusher in air moisture leads to violent oxidation of graphene phosphorus into GPA (highest oxidation state). The GPA is readily dispersible in many polar solvents, including neutral water, allowing for solution (spray) coating for high-performance, nontoxic flame-retardant applications.
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