Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 3069-3079Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn500614k
Keywords
Google Glass; rapid diagnostic test reader; colorimetric sensor; lateral flow immunochromatographic assays; HIV testing; prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test; mobile health
Categories
Funding
- Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE)
- Army Research Office (ARO) Life Sciences Division
- ARO Young Investigator
- National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER
- NSF CBET Division Biophotonics Program
- NSF Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation (EFRI
- Office of Naval Research (ONR)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [DP2OD006427]
- National Science Foundation [0963183]
- American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA)
- JAJ International Inc.
- Directorate For Engineering [0954482] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [0954482] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office Of The Director
- Office of Integrative Activities [0963183] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We demonstrate a Google Glass-based rapid diagnostic test (RDT) reader platform capable of qualitative and quantitative measurements of various lateral flow immunochromatographic assays and similar biomedical diagnostics tests. Using a custom-written Glass application and without any external hardware attachments, one or more RDTs labeled with Quick Response (QR) code identifiers are simultaneously imaged using the built-in camera of the Google Glass that is based on a hands-free and voice-controlled interface and digitally transmitted to a server for digital processing. The acquired JPEG images are automatically processed to locate all the RDTs and, for each RDT, to produce a quantitative diagnostic result, which is returned to the Google Glass (i.e., the user) and also stored on a central server along with the RDT image, QR code, and other related information (e.g., demographic data). The same server also provides a dynamic spatiotemporal map and real-time statistics for uploaded RDT results accessible through Internet browsers. We tested this Google Glass-based diagnostic platform using qualitative (i.e., yes/no) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and quantitative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests. For the quantitative RDTs, we measured activated tests at various concentrations ranging from 0 to 200 ng/mL for free and total PSA. This wearable RDT reader platform running on Google Glass combines a hands-free sensing and image capture interface with powerful servers running our custom image processing codes, and it can be quite useful for real-time spatiotemporal tracking of various diseases and personal medical conditions, providing a valuable tool for epidemiology and mobile health.
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