Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 8, Issue 11, Pages 11101-11107Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn5048553
Keywords
hydrogen evolution reaction; metal phosphides; nanoparticles; electrocatalysis; photocatalysis
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Funding
- National Science Foundation (NSF) Center for Chemical Innovation on Solar Fuels [CHE-1305124]
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, a DOE Energy Innovation Hub through Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0004993]
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Nanostructured transition-metal phosphides have recently emerged as Earth-abundant alternatives to platinum for catalyzing the hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER), which is central to several clean energy technologies because it produces molecular hydrogen through the electrochemical reduction of water. Iron-based catalysts are very attractive targets because iron is the most abundant and least expensive transition metal. We report herein that iron phosphide (FeP), synthesized as nanoparticles having a uniform, hollow morphology, exhibits among the highest HER activities reported to date in both acidic and neutral-pH aqueous solutions. As an electrocatalyst operating at a current density of -10 mA cm(-2), FeP nanoparticles deposited at a mass loading of similar to 1 mg cm(-2) on Ti substrates exhibited overpotentials of -50 mV in 0.50 M H2SO4 and -102 mV in 1.0 M phosphate buffered saline. The FeP nanoparticles supported sustained hydrogen production with essentially quantitative faradaic yields for extended time periods under galvanostatic control. Under UV illumination in both acidic and neutral-pH solutions, FeP nanoparticles deposited on TiO2 produced H-2 at rates and amounts that begin to approach those of Pt/TiO2. FeP therefore is a highly Earth-abundant material for efficiently facilitating the HER both electrocatalytically and photocatalytically.
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