Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 1449-1456Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn405352v
Keywords
optimization; high-throughput; gel electrophoresis; metal nanoparticles; surface modification; ligand exchange control
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Funding
- Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [11. G34.31.0070, 14.B37.21.1210]
- U.S. National Science Foundation [CBET-0922876]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Emerging Frontiers & Multidisciplinary Activities [1240410] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The ability to effectively control and optimize surface modification of metal nanoparticles is paramount to the ability to employ metal nanoparticles as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in biology and medicine. Here we present a high-throughput two-dimensional-grid gel electrophoresis cell (2D-GEC)-based method, capable of optimizing the surface modification of as many as 96 samples of metal nanoparticles in approximately 1 h. The 2D-GEC method determines not only the average zeta-potential of the modified particles but also the homogeneity of the surface modification by measuring the distance between the front of the sample track and the area where the maximum optical density is achieved. The method was tested for optimizing pH and concentration of the modifiers (pM) for functionalizing gold nanorod thiol-containing acidic agents.
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