Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 1464-1471Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn3052378
Keywords
aerosol; aggregation; crumpling; graphene; loading level; scalability; ultracapacitor
Categories
Funding
- Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN)
- 3M
- Northwestern and the Northwestern University International Institute for Nanotechnology
- General Research Project of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)
- Ministry of Knowledge Economy of Korea
- National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST), Republic of Korea [13-530260] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Graphene is considered a promising ultracapacitor material toward high power and energy density because of its high conductivity and high surface area without pore tortuosity. However, the two-dimensional (2D) sheets tend to aggregate during the electrode fabrication process and align perpendicular to the flow direction of electrons and ions, which can reduce the available surface area and limit the electron and ion transport. This makes it hard to achieve scalable device performance as the loading level of the active material increases. Here, we report a strategy to solve these problems by transforming the 2D graphene sheet into a crumpled paper ball structure. Compared to flat or wrinkled sheets, the crumpled graphene balls can deliver much higher specific capacitance and better rate performance. More Importantly, devices made with crumpled graphene balls are significantly less dependent on the electrode mass loading. Performance of graphene-based ultracapacitors can be further enhanced by using flat graphene sheets as the binder for the crumpled graphene balls, thus eliminating the need for less active binder materials.
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