Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 915-922Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nn405710w
Keywords
silicon; tin; nanowires; anode; carbon coating; lithium-ion battery; in situ TEM
Categories
Funding
- Robert A. Welch Foundation [F-1464]
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001091]
- DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
- DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO1830]
- Department of Defense through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program
- National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network via the NSF [ECCS-0335765]
- Nanotechnology Platform of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan
- Chemical Imaging Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
- program Understanding Charge Separation and Transfer at Interfaces in Energy Materials (EFRC: CST), an Energy Frontier Research Center
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [12J08258] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Silicon (Si) nanomaterials have emerged as a leading candidate for next generation lithium-ion battery anodes. However, the low electrical conductivity of Si requires the use of conductive additives in the anode film. Here we report a solution-based synthesis of Si nanowires with a conductive carbon skin. Without any conductive additive, the Si nanowire electrodes exhibited capacities of over 2000 mA h g(-1) for 100 cycles when cycled at C/10 and over 1200 mA h g(-1) when cycled more rapidly at 1C against Li metal. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation reveals that the carbon skin performs dual roles: it speeds lithiation of the Si nanowires significantly, while also constraining the final volume expansion. The present work sheds light on ways to optimize lithium battery performance by smartly tailoring the nanostructure of composition of materials based on silicon and carbon.
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